Nellore

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Nellore (నెల్లూరు)
—  city  —
Nellore (నెల్లూరు) Location of Nellore (నెల్లూరు) in Andhra Pradesh and India
Coordinates	14.43°N 79.97°ECoordinates: 14.43°N 79.97°E
Country	India
State	Andhra Pradesh
Population	8,27,443[citation needed] (2009)
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Codes[show]

Nellore (Telugu: నెల్లూరు) is a city located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, about 453 kilometres (281 mi) south east of state capital, Hyderabad. It is the headquarters of the Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore District, formerly Nellore district. It is located on the banks of the Penna river. Nellore is also famous for its production of mica (gudur), lemon (gudur) and agricultural products such as rice and it is also famous for other temples like Narasimha Swamy Konda, Jonnavada Kamakshi Ammavari temple, Ayyappa Temple, Golagamudi Venkaya Swami Temple, Rajarajeswari temple, PenchalaKona. Nellore is also known for aquaculture and called as Aquaculture capital of India. It is one of the fastest developing cities in Andhra Pradesh

Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple (Nellore), located on the banks of the Penna River, dates from the twelfth century.

NELLORE District situated in the South Eastern portion of the state with a costal length of 163 KM bounded by Bay of Bengal on the East. The district was known as VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI until 13th Century and later it came to be referred to as Nellore.    Historically the district was under the rule of mouryas, sathavahanas, pallavas, cholas, telugcholas, kakatias, pandyans etc. The great Telugu poet Tikkana Somayaji translated 15 parvas of Sanskrit Mahabharata into Telugu in Nellore.    The city derives its name from the Tamil, “nelli” which means rice, as paddy cultivation is the predominant occupation in this
	region. Nellore has a long history that streches back to the 6th century A.D. Once ruled by the Pallava and Chola dynastics, Golconda vassals, Nawabs of Arcot and the Vijayanagara kings, Nellore, which was in the erstwhile Madras State, became a part of Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
		Nothing certain is known of the History of Nellore before the time of the Cholas. The Neolthic age in Nellore is more abscure than the Paleolithic age. It is not clear up to what extent this district was occupied by the Dravidains.           It is supposed that Nellore was situated in Dandakaranya forests into which the Aryas first penetrated as adventurous sages with the rise of the Mouryan Empire Nellore also seems to have under its influence and was part of the Ashoka Empire in the 3rd century B.C. It was next included in the Pallava Dominion between the fourth and sixth century A.D.
	Satish Dhawan Space Research Centre (SHAR) near Sullurpet has the worldwide significance of Scientific importance.  Nelapattu is a beautiful Bird sanctuary where Pelicans, Flamingo, Strocks and other 20 variety of birds comes from other countries and stays from October to February, March every year.  Pulicat lake is an important sight seeing place extended to about 12 Kms where storck and other birds from various countries comes in November, lays eggs, leaves the chicks there and left the place.
	Beach resorts like Mypadu, Tupilipalem, Krishnapatna port, Somasila Dam and Kandaleru Dam is beautiful holidays resort.  Sri Ranganayukula Swamy temple at Nellore, Sri Narasimha Swamy at Penchalakona, Kamakshi Temple at Jonnawada, Narasimha Swamy temple at Narasimhakonda, Kasumuru and AS Pet darghas are religious importance. Udayagiri Fort and Bhairavakona are historical places of importance.

        

	DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS : As per 2001 census the total population of the District is 26.68 lakhs out of which male population is 13.45 lakhs and female population is 13.23 lakhs. The rural population is 20.69 lakhs and Urban population is 5.99 lakhs. The population of females per 1000 males is 984. LITERACY : The total literacy population in the District is 15.23 lakhs covering 65.08% of the total population in the District. Out of which male literates is 8.67 lakhs covering 73.67% and female literates is 6.56 lakhs covering 56.38%. RAIN FALL :  The Normal Rainfall of the District is 1080 mm. During the year 2006-07 the actual Rainfall received was 852.1 mm. LAND USE :  The total Geographical area of the District is 13.08 lakh Hectares. Of this 20.09% is forest area. The rest is distributed among Barren and Uncultivable Land (10.56%) and Land put into Non Agricultural uses (18.68%). The net area sown forms 25.96% while cultivable waste and fallow (current and old) lands Constitute 17.75%. COSTAL:  The District has a coastal line of 169 Kms covering 12 mandals. There are 93 coastal fishermen habitations having 82500 population out of which 16300 are active fishermen. The estimated marine landings in the District, are 54941 mts. There is a Pulicat Lake which is the 2nd biggest Brackish Water Lake in the country with an area of 468 Sq.Kms. The lake accounts for annual production of 6500 Mts. of Fishey wealth providing livelihood to 11000 Fishermen covering 20 Kuppams around the lake.

Sl. No	ITEM	UNIT	YEAR	DISTRICT	STATE	DIST. Charecteristic as % of the State
1	Area	Sq.Kms	2001 Census	13076	275069	4.75
2	Population
	a)Total	Number	2001 Census	2668564	7621007	3.50
	b)Urban	Number	2001 Census	599043	20808940	2.87
	c)Rural	Number	2001 Census	2069521	55401067	3.73
	d)Urban Population as	Percentage	2001 Census	22.45	27.30
	Percentage to total
3	Density of population	Sq.Km	2001 Census	204	277
4	Inhabited Villages	Number	2001 Census	1124	26614	4.26
5	Towns	Number	2001 Census	5	210	2.38
6	a)Literates	Number	2001 Census	1522866	39934323	3.80
	b)Literacy Rate	Percentage	2001 Census	65.08	61.55
7	Working population	Number	2001 Census	1211702	34893859	3.47
8	Sheduled caste population	Number	2001 Census	587157	12339496	4.75
9	Sheduled Tribe population	Number	2001 Census	242257	5024104	4.82
10	Normal Rainfall	MMs	2006-07	1080.0	940
11	Actual Rainfall	MMs	2006-07	852.1
12	Gross Cropped Area	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	4.07	133.62	3.00
13	Net Cropped Area	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	3.39	107.45	3.20
14	a)Gross Irrigated Area	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	3.07	59.96	5.10
	b)Gross area Irrigated as %	Percentage	2006-07	75.38	44.87
	To total cropped area
15	Net Irrigated Area	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	2.37	43.93	5.40
16	Area Under
	a)Rice	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	2.42	39.82	6.10
	b)Sugar Cane	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.10
	c)Groundnut	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.10	18.76	0.50
	d)Cotton	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.04	10.33	0.40
	e)Bajra	Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.05	0.81	0.60
17	Production of Major Crops
	a) Rice	(Lakh Tonnes)	2006-07	8.60	111.04	7.70
	b)Bajra	(Lakh Tonnes)	2006-07	0.01	0.82	1.20
	c)Groundnut	(Lakh Tonnes)	2006-07	0.30	13.66	2.20
	d)Cotton	(Bales of 170kgs Lint)	2006-07	0.11	21.08	0.50
	e)Tobacco	(Lakh Tonnes)	2006-07	0.10	1.98	5.10
18	Area Irrigated under different sources
	a) Dug wells	Number	2006-07	35716	1182991	3.01
		Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.23	10.45	2.20
	b) Tube wells	Number	2006-07	54339	477021	0.11
		Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.67	15.73	4.26
	c) Tanks	Number	2006-07	1844	71551	2.58
		Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.73	6.34	11.50
	d) Lift Irrigation	Number	2006-07	2635	25371	10.38
		Lakh Hect.	2006-07	0.07	1.55	4.52
	e) Projects	Number	2006-07	6	187	3.20
		Lakh Hect.	2006-07	1.36	20.89	6.51
19	Land holdings
	a) Marginal  Farmers (<1Hect.)	Number	2005-06 Census	276758	8258527	3.35
	b) Small Farmers ( 1 - 2 Hect)	Number		86114	6299793	1.37
	c) Medium Farmers  (2 -10 Hect)	Number		54650	1637759	3.34
	d) Large Farmers     (  >  10  Hect)	Number		1876	320975	0.58
20	Live Stock Population	Number	1999 Census	2000190	48219921	4.10
	a) White Cattle	Number		231887
	b) Buffaloes	Number		681014
	c) Sheep	Number		758108
	d) Goat	Number		225057
21	Veterinary Hospitals	Number	2006-07	15	281	5.30
22	Veterinary Dispensaries	Number	2006-07	86	1794	4.80
23	Rural Live Stock Units	Number	2006-07	114	2916	3.90
24	a)Government Hospitals ,b)PHCs&Dispensaries (Allopathic)	Number	2006-07	94	2176	4.30
25	a)Villages Electrified	Number	2006-07	1201	26613	4.51
	b)Villages Electrified as a % of Total	Percentage	2006-07	100	100
26	Length of Roads
	a)Under R&B Department	Kms	2006-07	3503	63639	5.50
	b)PR .Zilla Parishad&Mandal Parishad	Kms	2006-07	4614	120283	3.84
27	Land Revenue Collection	Rs.In Lakhs	2006-07	329.55	3676.85	9.00
28	Revenue  Villages	Number	2001 Census	1201	28123	4.30
29	Gram Panchayats	Number	2001 Census	961	21943	4.40
30	Revenue Mandals	Number	2001 Census	46	1128	4.10
31	Mandal Parishads	Number	2001 Census	46	1094	4.20
32	Degree Colleges	Number	2006-07	35	1120	3.10
33	Junior Colleges	Number	2006-07	136	3712	3.70
34	Total No. of Schools	Number	2006-07	4149	94984	4.40
	A. Primary Schools	Number	2006-07	2896
	B. Upper Primary Schools	Number	2006-07	750
	C. High Schools	Number	2006-07	503
35	No. of Habitations
	a)Total	Number	2001 Census	2832
	b)Rural	Number	2001 Census	2732
	c)Urban	Number	2001 Census	100
36	Total No. of House holds	Number	2001 Census	640942
37	Civil Supplies
	a) No. of White Ration Cards	Number	2006-07	646197	11360090	5.69
	b) No. of Pink Ration Cards	Number	2006-07	136510	5397160	2.53
38	Percentage of Literacy
	a) Males	%	2001 Census	73.67	71.38
	b) Females	%	2001 Census	56.38	51.52
	c) Total		2001 Census	65.08	61.55
39	Students enrolled in Colleges
	a)Degree Colleges	Number	2006-07	19320	604600	8.19
	b)Jr.Collages	Number	2006-07	10850	1377364	0.79
40	Students enrolled in Schools	Number	2006-07	395613	13511923	2.90

	Nellore District, the Southern most Coastal District of Andhra Pradesh lies between 13-30’ and 15-6’ of the Northern latitude and 70-5’ and 80-15’ of the Eastern Longitude and extending over an area of 13076 Sq.Kms, accounting for 4.75% of the total area of the state. It is bounded on the north by Prakasam District on the East by Bay of Bengal on the South by Chittoor District and Chengalpattu District of Tamilanadu and on the West by Veligonda Hills which separate it from Kadapa District.
	Administratively the District is divided into 46 Mandals, covering three Revenue Divisions with Head Quarters at Nellore, Gudur and Kavali. There are three Municipalities namely Nellore, Gudur and Kavali and in addition there are two Census Towns i.e. Kovurpalli, Venkatagiri.        The district broadly 2 natural divisions from North to South. The eastern Half of the District adjoins coastal belt is fairly fertile and the western half of the district has low elevation towards west with large track of low shrub jungles diversified with rocky will stony plains.
	The Pennar and Swarnamukhi are the principal rivers, besides the streams like Kandaleru and Boggeru.  Climate and Rain fall The climate of Nellore town is generally dry and salubrious. April and May are the hottest months and the hot winds generally last till the end of the June. As the Bay of Bengal is at s distance of 15 miles from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. The hottest day falls in May with some shift to June during some years. The coolest day falls between the months of December and February. The southwest Monsoon is not very important for this town. Winds are from west and North – West during this season. This town and region depends mainly on the North – East monsoon. The North – East monsoon occurs along the East Coast of India during the month of October and continues till December. This period gives about 60% annual rainfall. LAND USE :  The total Geographical area of the District is 13.16 lakh Hectares. Of this 41.3% alone is erable and 18.7% is forest area. The rest is distributed among Barren and Uncultivable Land (13.8%) and Land put into Non Agricultural uses (16.5%) out of the erable area. The net area sown forms 23.8% while cultivable waste and fallow (current and old) lands Constitute 11%. MINERALS:  The District is endowed with variety of major and minor Minerals. They are Mica, Silica etc.,