Sunday, January 23, 2011

Eranakulam


History of Ernakulam
Ernakulam district  formed on 1st April 1958 carving areas of erstwhile Travancore-Kochi-Malabar kingdoms. Major portion of the district is from the Kochi kingdom. The district consists of the mainland Ernakulam, the man made Willington Island, Mattanchery, Fort Kochi,  world's most populous area of Vypeen Island, Bolghatty Palace etc. Kochi is the most modern city of Kerala where the best shopping, markets and  bazars are located.
From time immemorial  Arabs, Chinese, Dutch, British and Portuguese seafarers followed the sea route to Kochi and left their impressions in the town. The Chinese fishing nets, believed to be erected in 1350 AD, swaying in the breeze over backwaters, the Jewish Synagogue, Dutch Palace, Portuguese Architecture, Bolghatty Palace etc. enrich the heritage of Kerala.
 The word Ernakulam was drawn from a Tamil word Erayanarkulam means abode of Lord Shiva's.  
The present Ernakulam District include Paravur, Aluva, Kochi, Kanayannoor, Muvattupuzha, Kunnathunadu, Kothamangalam Taluks which come under Fortkochi and  Muvattupuzha  Revenue Sub Division.  Prior to the formation of  Idukki District, Thodupuzha Taluk was also a part of  Ernakulam District.  Ernakulam District was formed on April 1st1958.  The District  which has  an area of 895.3Sq.K.M. can be divided geographically as Highland, Midland and Coastal area.  The altitude of Highland is about 1000 feet.
The borders of the district are the Arabian Sea in the  West, Thrissur District in the North, Idukki District in the East and Alappuzha and Kottayam District in the South.  Periyar, Kerala's second largest river flows through all the Taluks except Muvattupuzha.  Muvattupuzha river and a branch of Chalakkudy river all gifts of this District. Average rainfall yearly is 3431.8 mm and 139 rain days.  As there are rivers, lakes and seas the region has a moderate climate.  Temperature is between 31.3oCand 25.8oC . Many types of sands and soil and also rocks which are geological importance is abundant here.
Majority of islands in Kerala are in Ernakulam district which was from different parts of old Cochin-Travancore-Malabar area.  The main islands of this district all man-made Willington Island,World's most populated Vypeen Island, Cheriya Kadamakkudi, Valiya Kadamakkudi, Ramanthuruthu, Ponjikkara, Vallarpadam, Kumbalam, Panangad, Cheppanam, Nettoor, Pizhala, Kankattuthuruthu, Korampadam, Cheranelloor, Chathanadu, Chendamangalam.  All these islands are populated areas. All these islands are believed to have formed from the soil accumulated due to soil erosion of highlands.

Ernakulam at a Glance
District NameErnakulam
HeadquartersKakkanad
Goegraphical Area2407 Sq.kms
Coastal line46 Kms
Water bodied area12,700 Hectares
Forest Land8,123 Hectares
LocationLatitude : 9o57’ N; Longitude 76 o15’ E
BoundariesNorth – Thrissur District, East – Idukki District, West – Arabian Sea, South – Kottayam & Alappuzha Districts
TimeIndian Standard Time +5:30 hours GMT
AltitudeSea Level
POPULATION DETAILS
PopulationMale15,38,397
Female15,67,401
Total31,05,798
Sex Ratio1017
Density of Population1290
Per Capita IncomeRs.23020
LiteracyRateMale95.95%
Female90.96%
Total93.42%
W E A T H E R
Rainfall (mm)
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulyAugSepOctNovDec
Min.
-
46.071.7142.8143.8542.4593.1406.8101.9447.5
-
-
Average Temperature (Degree Celsius)
Max.31.431.832.432.731.729.728.929.029.630.230.931.3
Min.22.123.425.025.425.324.023.523.723.823.923.622.7
Relative Humidity
Max.73.076.075.077.082.089.091.089.086.084.081.075.0
Min.23.025.428.630.431.030.029.129.229.229.027.924.5

ADMINISTATIVE SETUP
Taluks7
Villages124
Blocks14
Panchayats88
Corporation1 (Kochi)
Municipalities11
Assembly Segments14
Parliament Constituencies2 & Part of Mukundapuram
OTHER INFORMATIONS
LanguageMalayalam is the Official Language. English is popularly used in business circles.
ReligionHindus accounts for the largest community followed by Christian and  Muslims. A small population of Jains, Jews and Sikhs are also residing in Kochi.
ClimateSummers are hot, winters mild. The average annual rainfall is 3099.1 mm with 132 average annual rainy days.
SeasonBest time to visit is between October and March
ClothingWarm tropical climate recommends light cotton clothes. Waterproofing is required during Monsoons.

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